jasss系列：V 10, I 4, N.1:"Groups of Agents with a Leader" P26
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Journal of Artificial Societies and Social Simulation vol. 10, no. 4 原文网址：http://jasss.soc.surrey.ac.uk/10/4/1.htmlpart26 共246字，请翻译。
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3.24 We now turn to groups with a leader and space-dependent communication. In these groups, an individual that knows the location of the target will communicate this information to other individuals provided these other individuals are within a distance of 20 cells.
3.25 As we already know (cf. Table 7), small groups without a leader perform badly if the communication system is space-limited. This is because individuals in small groups are more dispersed than those in larger groups and space-dependent communication takes more time to reach them all. In our simulations, the presence of a leader implies that the group moves in a more spatially aggregated way. Therefore, in small groups with a leader, the individuals tend to be close to each other and even with space-limited communication information reaches all the individuals in the group very rapidly. In large groups, on the other hand, the presence of a leader either has no effect on performance or makes it worse. This is true regardless of whether communication in the group is space-dependent or space-independent (Table 11). Table 11: Time taken to reach the target by the first and the last agent in groups of 10 and 50 agents with a space-dependent communication system and (a) a leader with the same sensory capabilities as the other members of the group; (b) a leader with better sensory capabilities than the other members of the group; (c) a leader and another individual with better sensory capabilities than the other members of the group(a)Group sizeFirstLast10654 (1431)703 (1424)5081 (468)129 (468) (b)Group sizeFirstLast10466 (1093)513 (1087)5040 (211)87 (217) (c)Group sizeFirstLast10305 (858)364 (860)5040 (210)86 (217) 3.24现在我们转向有领导和依赖空间通讯的团体。在这些团体中，知道自己空间位置的个体将向它周围20个元胞之内的其他个体传达这些信息。
3.25从表7中我们可以知道，如果交流系统具有空间限制，小团体中的个体的表现将会很差。这是因为小团体中的个体比打团体中的个体更加的分散，具有空间独立性的交流将要花很长的时间将他们遍历。在我们的模型中，领导者的出现使得团体以一中空间聚集的方式移动。因此，小团体中一旦有了一个领导者，个体之间将相互靠近，并且在有空间限制的交流中信息能很快地传达给每一个个体。与此相反，在大的团体中出现的领导者要么不起作用，要么起反的作用。这与团体的交流是否具有空间依赖性无关。
表11：在10和50个自主体的带有空间依赖交流系统，并且有一个具有和其他个体一样的感知能力的领导者的团体中(a)，第一个和最后一个达到目标需要的时间；有一个比其他个体好的感知能力的领导者的团体；有一个比其他个体感知能力好的个体和领导者的团体中
(a)
团体规模 第一个 最后一个
10 654 (1431) 703 (1424)
50 81 (468) 129 (468)
(b)
Group size First Last
10 466 (1093) 513 (1087)
50 40 (211) 87 (217)
(c)
Group size First Last
10 305 (858) 364 (860)
50 40 (210) 86 (217) 我翻这个，谁也不要和我抢
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