jasss系列：V 10, I 4, N.1:"Groups of Agents with a Leader" P25

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Groups of Agents with a Leader
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Journal of Artificial Societies and Social Simulation vol. 10, no. 4

原文网址：http://jasss.soc.surrey.ac.uk/10/4/1.html

part25 共174字，请翻译。
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2 K# r- F, B3 U3.23 On the other hand, in groups with a leader, the presence of an individual with superior capabilities does not change the fact that the presence of a leader penalizes group performance (Table 10). This is true regardless of whether the superior individual is the leader or a follower. If it is the leader, group performance is better than when the leader has the same capabilities as its followers. If it is not the leader, group performance is even better. But in all cases the performance of groups with a leader is much worse than that of groups without. This effect is especially strong in groups of 10 agents. In sum, having a leader has a detrimental effect on performance in any group of agents in which there is communication.

Table 10: Time taken to reach the target by the first and the last agent in groups of 10 and 50 agents with space-independent all-to-all communication (a) with a leader with superior sensory capabilities, and (b) with a leader and another individual with superior sensory capabilities.
(a)
Group size	First	Last
10	467 (1093)	489 (1086)
50	40 (210)	77 (206)
(b)
Group size	First	Last
10	305 (858)	331 (854)
50	40 (210)	77 (206)

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3.23，另一方面，在有领导者的团体中，一个具有较高能力的个体的存在并不能改变领导者降低团体绩效这一事实（表十）。无论较高能力者是领导者还是追随者都不影响这一事实。如果他是领导者，团体绩效要好于领导者和追随者能力相同的团体。如果他不是领导者，团体绩效可能会更好一些。但是，具有领导者的团体绩效要低于没有领导者的团体绩效。这一效果在第10组中尤其明显。总之，在具有交流的任何仿真主体中具有领导者的团体有较差的效果。
表十，第十和五十仿真团体中第一个和最后一个仿真主体达到目标所用时间，这两个团体一个是具有较高能力的领导者和空间独立交流的团体，另一个是具有一个领导者与另外一个较高感觉能力的个体的团体。
(a)
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5 D$ C% n' k7 D) m/ R  J3 F组别                第一个                   最后一个
10                467 (1093)             489 (1086)
9 y6 O# E; r5 q$ d2 W50                 40 (210)                 77 (206)  
  `9 k: {) b: Z
(b)
组别                       第一个                  最后一个
& l/ |/ j: K9 C7 U  e9 _10                       305 (858)               331 (854)
* p" Y0 L1 A0 V  G! [50                        40 (210)               77 (206)
) D7 `8 |  Z+ N
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