jasss系列：V 10, I 4, N.1:"Groups of Agents with a Leader" P28

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Groups of Agents with a Leader
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Journal of Artificial Societies and Social Simulation vol. 10, no. 4

原文网址：http://jasss.soc.surrey.ac.uk/10/4/1.html

part28 共216字，请翻译。

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) Q; f* u* N/ |: o0 L  m( d4.1 We have described a set of simulations in which groups of agents have to reach a target located in a two-dimensional environment and the performance of the group is measured in terms of the time taken by the last individual in the group to reach the target. Each individual agent moves randomly until it is informed by its senses or by another individual about the target's location. At this point the individual takes the shortest path to the target. We were interested in contrasting two conditions: (1) all individuals have the same social role and each individual behaves autonomously on the basis of the information available to it; (2) the group includes a leader, that is, an individual who other individuals tend to follow as it moves through the environment. We have manipulated a number of variables that can have a role in determining group performance: group size; the presence or absence in the group of an individual (the leader or a follower) with the ability to detect targets at a greater distance than those detectable by other group members; the presence or absence of a communication network through which an individual that knows the location of the target can communicate this information to other individuals; the space-dependent or space-independent nature of the network topology.

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4.1我们曾描述过这样一个模拟现象，其中成组的个体必须基于一个二维的环境来实现目标。而且，团队的整体表现通过群组中最后完成任务的个体所需时间来体现。在他们通过自身感觉或被他人暗示而得知目标对象的位置前，所有的个体都是自由活动的。由此可见，个体选择通向目标的最短路径。我们有兴趣来比较一下这两种情况，（1）所有的个体都扮演相同的社会角色，并且在信息共享的基础上，个体行为都是自发的。（2）群组中存在一个领导者，也就是说，一个个体在大环境下活动时，其他个体都追随其后，这样我们就控制了一系列的变量，这些变量对群组的性能起到了决定性的作用：群组的大小；一个有能力察觉目标的个体（领导或随从）组成的组的出席或缺席，与那些有能力发现目标并且在其他组的成员存在的较大差异；在个体了解目标的过程中，网络交流的存在、是否可以把这一信息传递给其他个体、空间的关联与独立都是网络拓扑的表现。