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4 n8 M0 b& D; {Journal of Artificial Societies and Social Simulation vol. 10, no. 4 part36 共146字，请翻译。* F% [2 R( x% S3 O9 M
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3 M6 B/ u8 X. g, V! r# P4.15 Another problem is that the nature of leadership changes historically (Haas 2001). Our simulations show that to be beneficial to the group, it may be necessary for the leader to be superior in some critical way to other individuals in the group. Therefore one would expect that leaders are chosen because of their ability "to see at a greater distance" than the other members of the group. But in reality "chiefs come to power" (Earle 1997) in a variety of different ways, which do not always take this factor into account. Finally, our simulations consider a single level of social power, while human organizations and societies tend to have a hierarchy of levels, with leaders and sub-leaders. Another direction for future research is the identification of conditions favoring the emergence of hierarchical power structures. (For an agent-based model of emerging social complexity, cf.Doran and Palmer 1995). | 
发表于 2007-11-28 17:59:53
